Alternative splicing for diseases, cancers, drugs, and databases

Jen-Yang Tang1, Jin-Ching Lee, Ming-Feng Hou

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.

Insights

Alternative splicing dysregulation is linked to diseases like cancer. Correcting alternative splicing offers a therapeutic strategy, with several drugs and natural products showing potential in modulating these processes for cancer treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Alternative splicing is a key process for generating protein diversity from a limited genome.
  • Dysregulation of alternative splicing is implicated in various diseases, notably cancer.
  • Targeting spliceosomes represents a promising avenue for novel cancer therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diseases associated with alternative splicing dysregulation, focusing on cancer.
  • To analyze the effects of clinical drugs, natural products, and derivatives on alternative splicing.
  • To discuss other agents that modulate alternative splicing in cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of alternative splicing-related diseases and their target genes.
  • Analysis of existing data on drugs and natural products affecting spliceosomes and alternative splicing.
  • Summary of relevant bioinformatics resources for studying alternative splicing.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific cancers and their associated target genes linked to alternative splicing.
  • Evaluated the impact of various compounds, including clinical drugs and natural products, on alternative splicing.
  • Highlighted agents with demonstrated or potential roles in modulating alternative splicing during cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Alternative splicing dysregulation is a significant factor in cancer development and progression.
  • Modulating alternative splicing presents a viable therapeutic strategy for cancer.
  • Further research into splicing-modulating agents and bioinformatics tools is crucial for advancing cancer therapy.

Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Pre-mRNA Processing02:01

Pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...