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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Three-Dimensionally Printed Microfluidic Cross-flow System for Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Membrane Performance Testing

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Published on: February 13, 2016

Efficiency of osmotic pipe flows.

Louise Sejling Haaning¹, Kaare Hartvig Jensen, Claus Hélix-Nielsen

¹Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|June 18, 2013

Summary

We quantified osmotic flow in hollow fiber membranes, revealing that unstirred concentration boundary layers limit pumping efficiency. Understanding these layers optimizes processes like water purification.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Three-Dimensionally Printed Microfluidic Cross-flow System for Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Membrane Performance Testing

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Measuring the Osmotic Water Permeability Coefficient (Pf) of Spherical Cells: Isolated Plant Protoplasts as an Example

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Published on: October 8, 2014

Area of Science:

Fluid dynamics
Membrane science
Physical chemistry

Background:

Osmotic flow through semipermeable membranes is crucial for processes like water purification.
Pumping efficiency in these systems is often limited by unstirred concentration boundary layers.
Quantifying these boundary layers is essential for optimizing osmotic flow.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally and theoretically investigate osmotic flows in cylindrical tubes with semipermeable walls (hollow fiber membranes).
To quantify the strength of the osmotic driving force and its relation to system parameters.
To understand and quantify unstirred concentration boundary layers and their impact on flow efficiency.

Main Methods:

Experiments measuring outlet flow rate (Q(out)) under varying inlet flow rate (Q(*)), concentration (c(*)), and tube length (L).
Theoretical analysis incorporating known velocity fields for slow flow in porous tubes and a parabolic concentration profile.
Analytical computation of flow rate gain (γ) based on radial diffusion, advection, and velocity ratios.

Main Results:

Mapped the dependence of flow rate gain (γ) on inlet flow rate, concentration, and tube length.
Theoretical predictions showed excellent agreement with experimental results.
Identified key dimensionless parameters governing osmotic flow behavior.

Conclusions:

The study provides a theoretical framework and experimental validation for understanding osmotic flow limitations in hollow fiber membranes.
The developed criteria can be used to optimize osmotic flow processes, particularly in water purification technologies.
Quantification of concentration boundary layers is key to enhancing system efficiency.