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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression
07:30

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Published on: June 15, 2019

Update in sepsis 2012.

James A Russell1, Keith R Walley

  • 1Critical Care Research Laboratories, Institute for Heart + Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. jrussell@mrl.ubc.ca

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|June 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Large sepsis trials found no benefit, but smaller studies show promise for fever control and biomarker-guided ventilation. Personalized care is key for future sepsis therapies and survival.

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Cecal Ligation Puncture Procedure
11:53

Cecal Ligation Puncture Procedure

Published on: May 7, 2011

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression
07:30

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Published on: June 15, 2019

Cecal Ligation Puncture Procedure
11:53

Cecal Ligation Puncture Procedure

Published on: May 7, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Translational research in sepsis

Background:

  • Review of pivotal 2012 sepsis clinical trials and preclinical research.
  • Large trials of interventions like starch solutions and activated protein C showed no benefit or harm.
  • Smaller trials indicated potential benefits from simple interventions such as fever control and mechanical ventilation weaning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review significant sepsis research from 2012.
  • To highlight emerging trends in sepsis treatment and understanding.
  • To propose sepsis as a model for personalized medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of multicenter randomized controlled trials.
  • Analysis of smaller innovative clinical trials.
  • Synthesis of preclinical research findings on sepsis pathophysiology.

Main Results:

  • Major clinical trials failed to demonstrate efficacy for complex interventions.
  • Simpler interventions like external cooling and biomarker-guided weaning showed promise.
  • Basic research elucidated the complexity of inflammatory responses, including cellular pathways and microparticles.

Conclusions:

  • Sepsis research in 2012 revealed limitations of large-scale trials but highlighted potential in targeted approaches.
  • Biomarker development and understanding of cellular mechanisms are advancing sepsis knowledge.
  • Sepsis may serve as a paradigm for personalized medicine to improve patient survival.