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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms
11:36

Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms

Published on: May 29, 2020

Autoimmune hepatitis.

Michael A Heneghan1, Andrew D Yeoman, Sumita Verma

  • 1Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|June 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune hepatitis, an immune-mediated liver disease, can be treated effectively in most cases. Advanced therapies like liver transplantation offer solutions for severe or end-stage liver disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a hepatic parenchyma disease with acute and chronic presentations.
  • AIH shares features with other autoimmune diseases, including non-organ-specific antibodies and hepatic autoimmunity, complicating its pathophysiology.
  • Recent research highlights the role of regulatory T cells in AIH pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of autoimmune hepatitis.
  • To discuss diagnostic challenges and therapeutic strategies.
  • To highlight the importance of considering variant syndromes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on autoimmune hepatitis.
  • Analysis of data regarding disease triggers and genetic susceptibility.
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes and transplantation efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Up to 85% of patients achieve clinical and biochemical remission with current treatments.
  • Alternative immunosuppression strategies are available for non-responders.
  • Liver transplantation is highly effective for acute liver failure and end-stage disease complications like hepatocellular carcinoma.

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmune hepatitis is a manageable condition with high remission rates.
  • Genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers play a role in disease development.
  • Liver transplantation remains a critical option for advanced disease stages.