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Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Multiplex PCR Assay for Typing of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Mec Types I to V in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Multiplex PCR Assay for Typing of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Mec Types I to V in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Published on: September 5, 2013

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium of multi locus sequence type 18 in Malaysia.

L W Poh¹, A W Rukman, Y K Cheah

¹Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. mariana@medic.upm.edu.my.

The Medical Journal of Malaysia

|June 18, 2013

Summary

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF), a high-risk pathogen, is dominant in hospitals. This study identified a new strain of VREF in Malaysia, highlighting the need for surveillance of this resistant bacteria.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Multiplex PCR Assay for Typing of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Mec Types I to V in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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Published on: September 5, 2013

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Published on: March 3, 2023

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Infectious Diseases
Genetics

Background:

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) is a significant cause of hospital-acquired infections globally.
The high-risk, epidemic clonal complex-17 (CC17) group dominates VREF infections due to treatment limitations and high conjugation frequency.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the genetic relatedness and molecular typing of VREF strains from human infections.
To identify the presence and characteristics of VREF, specifically CC17, in Malaysia.

Main Methods:

Pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to assess DNA similarity between VREF strains.
Multi locus sequence typing (MLST) was employed to determine the sequence types (STs) of the VREF isolates.

Main Results:

Two VREF strains (A2 and C) showed clonal relatedness via PFGE analysis.
Three strains (A1, B, and C) were identified as ST 18 type.
Strain A2 was identified as a novel ST, designated ST 596.
The ST 18 type VREF strain represents the first reported occurrence in Malaysia.

Conclusions:

The findings indicate the presence of genetically related VREF strains, including the epidemic CC17 group, in Malaysia.
The identification of a novel ST (ST 596) and the first ST 18 in Malaysia underscores the evolving epidemiology of VREF.
These results emphasize the importance of molecular surveillance for tracking VREF clonal expansion and informing infection control strategies.