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Tree growth response along an elevational gradient: climate or genetics?

Gregory M King1, Felix Gugerli, Patrick Fonti

  • 1Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland, gregory.king@wsl.ch.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Climate significantly impacts forest growth, with genetic factors playing a lesser role at regional scales. Elevational transects reveal how temperature influences tree growth, especially in European larch and Norway spruce.

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Area of Science:

  • Forest Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Forest responses to climate change are influenced by both environmental and genetic factors.
  • Understanding these combined influences is crucial for predicting forest dynamics in a warming climate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To attribute climatic influences on the growth of European larch (Larix decidua) and Norway spruce (Picea abies).
  • To investigate the interplay between genetics and environment in shaping tree growth along an elevational gradient.

Main Methods:

  • Combined dendroclimatology and population genetic approaches.
  • Collected increment cores and genomic DNA from populations along a ~900-m elevational transect.
  • Analyzed tree-ring width (TRW) variations in relation to temperature gradients.

Main Results:

  • Observed lower growth rates at higher elevations.
  • Found a transition from negative to positive correlations between growth and growing season temperature with increasing elevation.
  • Demonstrated increased explained variance of growth by summer temperatures at higher elevations.

Conclusions:

  • High gene flow suggests migration counteracts local adaptation pressures.
  • Tree growth is more strongly influenced by climate than genetics at regional scales.
  • Elevational transects are valuable for studying climate-driven changes within a genetic framework.