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Updated: May 10, 2026
11:56
Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response
Published on: November 12, 2014
Influence of repeated daily diving on decompression stress
J Zanchi1, M Ljubkovic2, P J Denoble3
1Cardiology, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia.
International Journal of Sports Medicine
|June 18, 2013
Summary
Repeated daily diving may lead to acclimatization, reducing venous gas emboli (VGE) or bubbles after dives. This study found that four days of diving progressively decreased bubble grades, suggesting a protective effect against decompression stress.
Area of Science:
- Physiology
- Diving Medicine
- Hyperbaric Physiology
Background:
- Acclimatization to repeated environmental exposure can mitigate physiological stress.
- Reduced venous gas emboli (VGE) post-dive indicate positive acclimatization to diving.
- Understanding bubble formation is crucial for decompression sickness prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of four consecutive days of daily diving on post-dive bubble grades.
- To determine if repetitive diving alters the formation of venous gas emboli (VGE).
- To assess potential acclimatization to diving stress through bubble monitoring.
Main Methods:
- 16 male divers participated in identical no-decompression air dives.
- Dives were conducted daily for four consecutive days to 18 meters for 47 minutes.
- Venous gas emboli (VGE) were monitored using transthoracic echocardiography for 120 minutes post-dive.
Main Results:
- A progressive decrease in the odds of higher-grade bubbles was observed on consecutive diving days.
- The odds of having higher-grade bubbles on Day 4 were half those of Day 1 (OR 0.50).
- The odds ratio for bubble grades >III on Day 4 was significantly lower compared to Day 1 (OR 0.37).
Conclusions:
- Repetitive daily diving appears to reduce bubble formation, suggesting a protective acclimatization.
- This reduction in VGE indicates a potential adaptive response to diving stress.
- Further research is needed to confirm these findings and assess the impact on decompression sickness risk.
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