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Updated: May 10, 2026

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography

Published on: November 14, 2025

New diagnostic reference level for full-field digital mammography units.

I H R Hauge¹, K Bredholt, H M Olerud

¹Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Radiography and Dental Technology, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P. O. Box 4, St. Olavs plass, NO-0130 Oslo, Norway.

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

|June 18, 2013

Summary

This study proposes using the 95th percentile of mean glandular dose (MGD) as a national diagnostic reference level (DRL) for mammography units. The 75th percentile is suggested for identifying units needing optimization, alongside the figure of merit (FOM).

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Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

Area of Science:

Radiological Physics
Medical Imaging Technology
Radiation Dosimetry

Background:

Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are typically the 75th percentile of patient doses, but mammography uses the 95th percentile.
Variations in mammography equipment can lead to differences in radiation dose and image quality.

Purpose of the Study:

To estimate the 75th and 95th percentiles of mean glandular dose (MGD) for full-field digital mammography (FFDM) units.
To investigate systematic differences in MGD and figure of merit (FOM) among different mammography models and manufacturers.
To propose a national DRL and an optimization metric for mammography units.

Main Methods:

Collected MGD data from 26 FFDM units across six models and four manufacturers.
Calculated 75th and 95th percentiles for overall MGD distributions.
Analyzed MGD and FOM variations across different equipment categories.

Main Results:

Overall MGDs ranged from 0.7 to 2.1 mGy.
The 75th and 95th percentiles for MGD were 1.4 mGy and 2.0 mGy, respectively.
Significant differences in dose distributions and FOMs were observed between different manufacturers and models.

Conclusions:

The 95th percentile of MGD is proposed as a national DRL for mammography to assess unit acceptability.
The 75th percentile of MGD, coupled with FOM, is recommended for identifying units requiring optimization.
Mammography equipment variations necessitate distinct DRLs and optimization strategies based on manufacturer and model.