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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
09:36

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device

Published on: September 24, 2020

[Pharmacological therapies for ARDS].

Hiroaki Izumida1, Seitaro Fujishima

  • 1Depertment of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582.

Masui. the Japanese Journal of Anesthesiology
|June 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Current pharmacologic therapies for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) show limited benefits for mortality. Further research is needed to establish effective treatments for ARDS, as no definitive drugs are currently established.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema due to increased capillary permeability.
  • Numerous pharmacologic agents have been investigated for ARDS prevention and treatment.
  • Despite improvements in respiratory function, controlled studies demonstrating a clinical benefit for ARDS-related mortality are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence on pharmacologic therapies for ARDS.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of corticosteroids, sivelestat sodium, and cisatracurium in ARDS management.
  • To identify gaps in knowledge and areas for future research in ARDS pharmacotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pharmacologic interventions for ARDS.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
09:36

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device

Published on: September 24, 2020

  • Analysis of studies on corticosteroids (high-dose vs. low-dose) and their impact on ARDS outcomes.
  • Evaluation of evidence for sivelestat sodium and continuous infusion of cisatracurium in ARDS patients.

    • Main Results:

    • High-dose corticosteroids are not recommended for early ARDS treatment.
    • The role of low-dose corticosteroids in ARDS remains controversial.
    • Sivelestat sodium has shown consistent improvements in lung oxygenation and ventilator-free days, but mortality benefits are unclear.
    • Continuous infusion of cisatracurium is another potential pharmacologic therapy for ARDS.

    Conclusions:

    • Currently, there are no established drugs with proven clinical benefit for ARDS-related mortality.
    • Further research is essential to determine the effectiveness of existing and novel pharmacologic therapies for ARDS.
    • The controversial role of corticosteroids and the unclarified mortality benefit of sivelestat sodium highlight the need for more robust clinical trials.