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Methadone maintenance treatment and cognitive function: a systematic review.

Grace Y Wang, Trecia A Wouldes, Bruce R Russell1

  • 1School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. g.wang@auckland.ac.nz.

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|June 19, 2013
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Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) may impair cognitive function in individuals with opiate dependence. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and identify specific cognitive domains affected by MMT.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychopharmacology
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been a cornerstone therapy for opiate dependence since the 1960s.
  • MMT is associated with reduced criminal behavior and illicit opiate use.
  • Emerging evidence suggests potential negative impacts of MMT on cognitive function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing research on the association between MMT and cognitive function.
  • To clarify the role of methadone dose, treatment duration, and plasma levels in potential cognitive deficits.
  • To address the growing global enrollment in MMT and its implications for cognitive health.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register).
  • Search terms included 'methadone' and 'cognition'.
  • Thirty-five articles met the inclusion criteria from an initial retrieval of 78.

Main Results:

  • The majority of studies indicate that MMT is associated with impaired cognitive function across various domains.
  • Specific cognitive domains affected by MMT require further investigation.
  • Methodological limitations in current studies necessitate cautious interpretation of results.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence suggests MMT may be linked to cognitive impairments.
  • Methodological weaknesses in existing research limit definitive conclusions.
  • Well-controlled studies employing both psychological and physiological measures are essential for accurate assessment of MMT's cognitive effects.