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Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants01:18

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...

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Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds
09:29

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds

Published on: October 29, 2015

Antiviral options for biodefense.

Chelsea M Byrd1, Douglas W Grosenbach, Dennis E Hruby

  • 1SIGA Technologies, Inc., 4575 SW Research Way, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA.

Current Opinion in Virology
|June 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing new antiviral therapies is crucial for biodefense. Most Category A Priority Pathogens, posing significant public health risks, currently lack approved treatments, necessitating urgent therapeutic development.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds
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Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds

Published on: October 29, 2015

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses
11:34

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Published on: May 5, 2014

Assays for the Identification of Novel Antivirals against Bluetongue Virus
12:02

Assays for the Identification of Novel Antivirals against Bluetongue Virus

Published on: October 11, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Biodefense strategies
  • Virology
  • Infectious disease therapeutics

Background:

  • Viruses constitute the majority of Category A Priority Pathogens, identified by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).
  • These agents represent significant threats to public health and national security.
  • Currently, no approved treatments exist for most viral biodefense threats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review Category A viral biothreat agents.
  • To discuss strategies for developing novel antiviral therapeutics.
  • To highlight the urgent need for effective biodefense options.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing antiviral therapies.
  • Analysis of the characteristics of Category A viral biothreat agents.
  • Exploration of current research and development strategies for new antivirals.

Main Results:

  • Identification of critical gaps in current antiviral treatments for biothreat agents.
  • Overview of the challenges and opportunities in developing new antiviral therapies.
  • Emphasis on the importance of a robust pipeline for biodefense.

Conclusions:

  • Expedited development of new antiviral therapies is essential for effective biodefense.
  • Addressing the lack of treatments for Category A viral pathogens is a priority.
  • Continued research and strategic planning are vital for national security against viral threats.