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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning
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Published on: January 29, 2020

Mindfulness reduces habitual responding based on implicit knowledge: evidence from artificial grammar learning.

Stephen Whitmarsh1, Julia Uddén, Henk Barendregt

  • 1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Consciousness and Cognition
|June 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that mindfulness reduces reliance on habitual responses in implicit learning tasks. Individuals high in mindfulness showed less preference for learned grammatical regularities, indicating non-reactive processing.

Keywords:
Artificial grammarImplicit learningMeditationMindfulness

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Mindfulness Research

Background:

  • Implicit learning involves acquiring knowledge without conscious awareness.
  • Affective traits and automatic responding influence implicit grammatical learning (AGL).
  • The role of mindfulness in modulating habitual responses in AGL is underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the trait of mindfulness reduces preferences for grammatically congruent stimuli.
  • To examine the influence of affective primes on grammatical congruence judgments.
  • To provide empirical evidence for the non-reactive disposition associated with mindfulness.

Main Methods:

  • Participants completed a working memory task with implicit exposure to complex regularities.
  • Grammatical congruence preferences were assessed.
  • Mindfulness trait levels and responses to emotional primes were measured.

Main Results:

  • Mindfulness trait correlated negatively with grammatically congruent response preferences.
  • Negative emotional primes led to faster and more negative evaluations.
  • Findings suggest grammatically congruent preferences are linked to habitual responding.

Conclusions:

  • Grammatical congruence preference ratings are influenced by habitual response tendencies.
  • Mindfulness trait is associated with reduced reliance on these habitual responses.
  • The study supports the non-reactive nature of the mindfulness trait in cognitive tasks.