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Published on: October 7, 2015
Biosynthesis and function of chondroitin sulfate
Tadahisa Mikami1, Hiroshi Kitagawa
1Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Japan.
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|June 19, 2013
Summary
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are vital extracellular components. Understanding the enzymes controlling their production and breakdown is key to addressing CSPG-related disorders.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Glycoscience
Background:
- Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are key extracellular matrix components.
- Their diverse functions stem from the structural variability of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs).
- Understanding CS biosynthesis and catabolism is crucial for elucidating CSPG functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advances in enzymatic regulation of CS biosynthesis.
- To explore CS-GAG modification, degradation, and functional roles.
- To connect enzyme perturbations to disease phenotypes.
Main Methods:
- Review of enzymatic regulatory pathways for CS biosynthesis.
- Analysis of in vitro and in vivo studies involving enzyme perturbation.
- Examination of structure-function relationships of CS-GAGs.
Main Results:
- Enzymatic pathways finely control CS production and degradation.
- Perturbation of specific enzymes reveals distinct CS functions and disease associations.
- Structural variability of CS-GAGs underlies diverse biological roles.
Conclusions:
- Precise control of CS biosynthesis and degradation is essential for CS chain functionality in development and disease.
- Targeting enzymes involved in CS metabolism offers potential therapeutic strategies for CS-associated disorders.
Keywords:
Biosynthesis/catabolismC4STC6STCSChABCChGnChPFChSyChnChondroitin sulfateD4STDSDS-epiEXTEXT-likeEXTLFAMGAGGalGalNAcGalNAc 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferaseGalNAc transferaseGalNAc4S-6STGalNAcTGalT-IGalT-IIGlcAGlcA C-5 epimerase (DS epimerase)GlcA transferase-IIGlcAT-IGlcAT-IIGlcNAcGlcNAc transferaseGlcNAcTGlycosaminoglycanGlycosyltransferaseHAHNK-1HSHSVHYALN-acetylgalactosamineN-acetylglucosaminePGProteoglycanSerSulfotransferaseTMUSTXylXylTchondroitinchondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferasechondroitin 6-O-sulfotransferasechondroitin GalNAc transferasechondroitin polymerizing factorchondroitin sulfatechondroitin synthasechondroitinase ABCdermatan 4-O-sulfotransferasedermatan sulfateexostosinfamily with sequence similaritygalactoseglucuronic acidglycosaminoglycanheparan sulfateherpes simplex virushuman natural killer-1hyaluronanmammalian hyaluronidaseproteoglycanserinethrombomodulinuronyl 2-O-sulfotransferasexylosexylosyltransferaseβ1,3-galactosyltransferase-IIβ1,3-glucuronyltransferase-Iβ1,4-galactosyltransferase-I
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