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Systemic Scuticociliatosis (Philasterides dicentrarchi) in sharks
M F Stidworthy1, M M Garner, D S Bradway
1International Zoo Veterinary Group, Station House, Parkwood Street, Keighley, West Yorkshire, BD21 4NQ, UK.
Veterinary Pathology
|June 19, 2013
Summary
A novel ciliate parasite, Philasterides dicentrarchi, caused fatal systemic infections in captive sharks. This emerging pathogen led to severe organ damage and rapid death in affected fish.
Area of Science:
- Marine Biology
- Ichthyology
- Parasitology
Background:
- Scuticociliatosis is a significant disease in marine fish aquaculture.
- Histophagous ciliated protozoa cause scuticociliatosis.
- The subclass Scuticociliatida includes these protozoa.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe a rapidly lethal systemic scuticociliate infection in sharks.
- To identify the causative agent of the disease.
- To characterize the pathological findings associated with the infection.
Main Methods:
- Necropsy and histopathological examination of affected sharks.
- Molecular identification of the protozoan parasite using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
- Analysis of gross and microscopic lesions.
Main Results:
- Affected species included zebra sharks, Port Jackson sharks, and Japanese horn sharks.
- Common findings were necrohemorrhagic hepatitis, meningoencephalitis, and thrombosing branchitis.
- The causative agent was identified as Philasterides dicentrarchi (syn. Miamiensis avidus).
Conclusions:
- Philasterides dicentrarchi is a novel and potentially emergent pathogen in sharks.
- Scuticociliatosis can cause rapid, fatal systemic infections in sharks.
- Early detection and management strategies are crucial for controlling this disease in aquaculture.
