Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into the...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cytocompatible and photoluminescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots derived from grape seed flour for enhanced fluorescence bioimaging in breast cancer cells.

RSC advances·2026
Same author

Helical Folding of Abiotic Chiral Poly(phosphodiester)s.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Synthetic Poly(phosphoester)s with Defined Charge Patterns.

ACS macro letters·2026
Same author

Switching Ionization Polarity to Simplify MS/MS Sequencing of Digital Polymers: the Case of Informational Poly(Amino phosphodiester)s.

Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM·2026
Same author

Antitumor Activity of All-Trans Retinoic Acid and Curcumin-Loaded BSA Nanoparticles Against U87 Glioblastoma Cells.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Applying Catching-by-Polymerization for the Preparation of Long Sequence-Defined Polymers.

ACS macro letters·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
11:42

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

Sequence-controlled polymerization using dendritic macromonomers: precise chain-positioning of bulky functional

Nathalie Baradel1, Ozgul Gok, Mirela Zamfir

  • 1Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group, Institut Charles Sadron, 23 rue du Loess, BP84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|June 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a straightforward method to attach functional dendrons to specific locations on linear polymers. This technique uses sequence-controlled copolymerization, enabling precise polymer functionalization.

More Related Videos

Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
09:02

Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

Published on: July 9, 2015

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
11:42

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
09:02

Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

Published on: July 9, 2015

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Linear polymers are versatile materials, but precise functionalization remains challenging.
  • Dendrons offer unique properties and controlled architectures for material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a simple strategy for inserting functional dendrons at precise positions along a linear polymer backbone.
  • To demonstrate the utility of sequence-controlled copolymerization for creating well-defined functional polymers.

Main Methods:

  • Sequence-controlled copolymerization of styrene with polyester dendrons.
  • Dendrons functionalized with a maleimide unit at their focal points were synthesized.
  • Precise incorporation of dendrons into the polymer chain was achieved through controlled polymerization.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized linear polymers with precisely positioned polyester dendrons.
  • Demonstrated the effectiveness of the maleimide-functionalized dendrons in copolymerization.
  • The strategy allows for controlled placement of dendritic structures within a polymer chain.

Conclusions:

  • A simple and effective method for site-specific insertion of functional dendrons into linear polymers has been established.
  • This approach provides a pathway to novel polymer architectures with tailored properties.
  • The reported strategy is valuable for advanced polymer synthesis and materials development.