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Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.
Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may  include:
Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature01:19

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...
Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...
Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Linking Predation Risk, Herbivore Physiological Stress and Microbial Decomposition of Plant Litter
10:20

Linking Predation Risk, Herbivore Physiological Stress and Microbial Decomposition of Plant Litter

Published on: March 12, 2013

Increased temperature reduces herbivore host-plant quality.

Stephanie S Bauerfeind1, Klaus Fischer

  • 1Zoological Institute & Museum, University of Greifswald, Johann-Sebastian-Bach Str. 11/12, Greifswald, 17489, Germany.

Global Change Biology
|June 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Rising global temperatures impact insect herbivores directly and indirectly through host plants. Warmer temperatures reduce butterfly growth and food conversion efficiency, especially when plants are also heat-stressed.

Keywords:
Pieris napidietfood consumptionfood qualitygrowth efficiencygrowth rate

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Linking Predation Risk, Herbivore Physiological Stress and Microbial Decomposition of Plant Litter
10:20

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Published on: March 12, 2013

High-Throughput Assays of Critical Thermal Limits in Insects
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High-Throughput Assays of Critical Thermal Limits in Insects

Published on: June 15, 2020

Determining Temperature Preference of Mosquitoes and Other Ectotherms
05:31

Determining Temperature Preference of Mosquitoes and Other Ectotherms

Published on: September 28, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Insect Physiology

Background:

  • Insect herbivore performance is temperature-dependent, affecting growth and development.
  • Indirect effects of temperature on host-plant quality are poorly understood but can significantly alter herbivore responses to climate change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct and indirect effects of temperature on the larval growth and life-history traits of the butterfly Pieris napi.
  • To determine how temperature influences host-plant quality and its subsequent impact on herbivore performance.

Main Methods:

  • A full-factorial design was employed, manipulating larval and host-plant temperatures independently (17°C vs. 25°C).
  • Larval growth, body mass, development time, food intake, and food conversion efficiency were measured.

Main Results:

  • Direct warming prolonged development and increased body mass at lower temperatures.
  • Higher temperatures reduced food conversion efficiency and increased food intake, indicating compensatory feeding.
  • Larvae feeding on plants grown at higher temperatures exhibited reduced body mass, longer development, increased food intake, and lower food conversion efficiency, signifying reduced host-plant quality.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature-mediated changes in host-plant quality significantly impact herbivore performance.
  • These indirect effects can exacerbate the negative consequences of global warming on insect populations.
  • Forecasting species' responses to climate change requires consideration of these overlooked indirect effects.