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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

Processing of virus-derived cytoplasmic primary-microRNAs.

Jillian S Shapiro¹

¹Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Jillian.Shapiro@mssm.edu

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA

|June 19, 2013

Summary

Viruses can generate functional microRNAs (miRNAs) in the cytoplasm using a novel processing pathway. This mechanism involves Drosha and Dicer, bypassing canonical proteins, and suggests a virus-induced cytoplasmic microprocessor.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

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Published on: February 6, 2017

Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'

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Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes

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Published on: July 27, 2018

Area of Science:

Virology
Molecular Biology
RNA Biology

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression by targeting mRNA.
Viruses utilize host miRNA machinery for self-regulation and immune evasion.
Previously, viral miRNAs were primarily associated with nuclear viruses.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the processing of cytoplasmic-restricted primary-miRNA transcripts (c-pri-miRNAs) in RNA viruses.
To elucidate the mechanism of viral miRNA production in the cytoplasm.
To explore the implications of a virus-induced cytoplasmic microprocessor.

Main Methods:

Analysis of cytoplasmic-restricted RNA virus genomes for miRNA production.
Investigation of the roles of Drosha, Dicer, DGCR8, TRBP2, and PACT in c-pri-miRNA processing.
Observation of Drosha redistribution during viral infection.

Main Results:

Cytoplasmic-restricted RNA viruses can produce abundant, mature, functional miRNAs exclusively in the cytoplasm.
This novel processing depends on Drosha and Dicer but not DGCR8, TRBP2, or PACT.
Virus-induced Drosha redistribution suggests a noncanonical cytoplasmic microprocessor.

Conclusions:

A novel mechanism for viral miRNA biogenesis exists in the cytoplasm.
This cytoplasmic microprocessor is distinct from the canonical nuclear pathway.
Understanding this process offers insights into viral strategies and host-pathogen interactions.