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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Interference and Decay01:16

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Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

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Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture01:27

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Adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds face a multifaceted journey in forming their identities, shaped by the intersections of cultural expectations and personal exploration. For these adolescents, identity formation involves not only typical developmental challenges but also navigating the perceptions and attitudes of the majority culture. As they grow, adolescents in ethnic minority groups often become increasingly aware of stereotypes, social biases, and discrimination, all of which...
Impact of Schemas01:30

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Forgetting01:21

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
05:31

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task

Published on: February 26, 2020

Heritage-culture images disrupt immigrants' second-language processing through triggering first-language

Shu Zhang1, Michael W Morris, Chi-Ying Cheng

  • 1Management Division, Columbia Business School, New York, NY 10027, USA. szhang14@gsb.columbia.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heritage-culture cues can hinder immigrants' second-language fluency by activating their first language. This study shows that cultural priming affects linguistic performance, impacting second-language processing.

Keywords:
bilingualcognitive activationcross-language interferencecultural psychology

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociolinguistics
  • Cultural Psychology

Background:

  • Bicultural individuals navigate cultural expectations through visual cues.
  • Cultural cues can influence judgments via automatic priming.
  • Previous research has not explored the impact of cultural priming on linguistic performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if heritage-culture cues hinder immigrants' second-language processing.
  • To determine if first-language structures are primed by heritage-culture cues.
  • To examine the effects of cultural priming on fluency and lexical access in immigrants.

Main Methods:

  • Four studies were conducted with Chinese immigrants in the United States and a comparison group of European Americans.
  • Methods included social interactions with different ethnic faces, exposure to cultural symbols, and linguistic tasks (recognition and naming).
  • English fluency, social comfort, and lexical access were measured.

Main Results:

  • Speaking to a Chinese face reduced Chinese immigrants' English fluency but increased social comfort.
  • Exposure to Chinese cultural symbols impaired English fluency for both culture-laden and neutral topics.
  • Chinese icon priming increased the accessibility of literal translations, indicating first-language intrusion.

Conclusions:

  • Heritage-culture cues can automatically prime first-language structures, negatively affecting second-language fluency.
  • Cultural priming has conceptual implications for understanding automaticity and adaptiveness.
  • Findings offer practical insights for immigrant acculturation and second-language acquisition strategies.