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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

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Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
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An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Micro-neutralization Assay
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Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development.

Larry J Anderson1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States. larry.anderson@emory.edu

Seminars in Immunology
|June 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Developing a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine remains challenging after 50 years. Advances in understanding the virus and immune responses offer hope for a safe and effective RSV vaccine for various populations.

Keywords:
Respiratory syncytial virusVaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a significant respiratory pathogen in young children, prompting early vaccine development efforts.
  • Despite over 50 years of research, no RSV vaccine has been successfully licensed, with early attempts like formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) showing adverse effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the challenges and advances in developing a safe and effective RSV vaccine.
  • To identify key target populations for RSV vaccination and discuss specific developmental issues for each.
  • To explore various vaccine candidates and the need for human studies to advance licensure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical RSV vaccine development, including the FI-RSV trial.
  • Analysis of current understanding of RSV, host immune responses, and disease pathogenesis.
  • Evaluation of diverse vaccine platforms (live attenuated, virus-like particles) and target populations (infants, pregnant women, elderly).

Main Results:

  • Significant challenges persist in RSV vaccine development, highlighted by the failure of early candidates.
  • Progress in understanding RSV biology and immunology provides a foundation for new vaccine strategies.
  • Multiple vaccine candidates targeting distinct populations are under investigation, but human trials are crucial.

Conclusions:

  • A safe and effective RSV vaccine is achievable with focused effort and a better understanding of the virus and immune responses.
  • Developing vaccines for diverse populations (infants, pregnant women, elderly) requires tailored approaches.
  • Collaboration among research institutions, government agencies, and industry is essential for efficient RSV vaccine development and licensure.