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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

Reviewing erroneous information facilitates memory updating.

Harold Pashler¹, Sean H K Kang, Michael C Mozer

¹Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0109, USA. hpashler@ucsd.edu

|June 20, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Reviewing information in memory strengthens it, making it harder to correct errors. However, both rereading and testing facts before correction enhanced memory for new information, though rereading increased intrusions of old facts.

Keywords:

Human learning Learning and memory Memory

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Published on: January 5, 2018

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Memory Research

Background:

Reviewing information typically strengthens memory traces.
It is hypothesized that reviewing may impede the updating of erroneous information in memory.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of reviewing (rereading vs. testing) on the updating of erroneous memories.
To examine whether prior review influences the retrieval of original versus corrected information.

Main Methods:

Participants learned facts, then reviewed them by rereading or testing, or received no review.
Subsequently, participants were presented with corrected facts.
Memory for the corrected facts was tested after a one-week delay.

Main Results:

Both rereading and testing prior facts enhanced memory for subsequently corrected information.
Rereading, but not testing, led to increased intrusions of original erroneous facts.
Participants frequently retrieved original facts, especially after review, suggesting a secondary retrieval pathway.

Conclusions:

Reviewing information can paradoxically facilitate the updating of erroneous memories.
The method of review influences the persistence of original memories and the integration of new information.
Memory review may establish alternative retrieval routes for updated information.