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Related Concept Videos

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
12:23

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

Johanson-blizzard syndrome.

Koumudi Godbole1, Sukalo Maja, Hiremath Leena

  • 1Department of Genetic Medicine, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Center, Erandawane, Pune, India. koumudig@rediffmail.com

Indian Pediatrics
|June 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Johanson-Blizzard syndrome is a rare genetic disorder affecting multiple body systems. Genetic testing confirms diagnosis and enables prenatal diagnosis for future Indian infants.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Pediatrics
  • Rare Diseases

Background:

  • Johanson-Blizzard syndrome (JBS) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder.
  • It is characterized by multi-systemic clinical manifestations and a distinctive facial appearance.
  • Early diagnosis is crucial for managing the condition and its associated complications.

Observation:

  • This study details the clinical presentation and genetic findings in an infant from India diagnosed with JBS.
  • The infant exhibited characteristic features consistent with the syndrome.
  • Comprehensive clinical evaluation was performed to document the extent of multi-system involvement.

Findings:

  • Molecular genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of Johanson-Blizzard syndrome.
  • Identification of the specific genetic mutation provides a definitive diagnosis.
  • This case highlights the importance of genetic analysis in diagnosing rare inherited disorders.

Implications:

  • Accurate genetic diagnosis is essential for Johanson-Blizzard syndrome management.
  • Genetic testing allows for accurate counseling regarding recurrence risks.
  • Prenatal diagnosis can be offered to families with a history of JBS in future pregnancies.
  • This research contributes to the understanding of JBS in the Indian population.