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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Multi-timescale Microscopy Methods for the Characterization of Fluorescently-labeled Microbubbles for Ultrasound-Triggered Drug Release
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Study on nanobubble generation: saline solution/water exchange method.

Minghuan Liu1, Wanchen Zhao, Shuo Wang

  • 1Life and Environment Science College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P R China.

Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
|June 20, 2013
PubMed
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Researchers generated nanobubbles by replacing saline solutions with water, reversing a previous method. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) confirmed nanobubble formation across various salt concentrations and valences.

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nanobubble generation typically involves replacing a liquid with higher gas solubility with one of lower gas solubility.
  • Previous methods utilized alcohol/water exchange for nanobubble formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate nanobubble generation through the opposite process: replacing saline solutions with water.
  • To explore the influence of salt concentration and valence on nanobubble formation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel method involving the replacement of saline solutions with pure water.
  • Employed Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for nanobubble observation and characterization.

Main Results:

Keywords:
interfacesnanobubblesnanostructuresscanning probe microscopysolvent exchange

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  • Successfully generated nanobubbles when saline solutions were replaced with water.
  • Observed nanobubbles across a range of salt concentrations and ionic valences.
  • AFM imaging confirmed the presence and morphology of the generated nanobubbles.

    • Conclusions:

    • The study demonstrates a new pathway for nanobubble generation by reversing the gas solubility gradient.
    • Nanobubble formation is achievable even with the replacement of solutions with higher gas solubility by those with lower solubility.
    • The findings suggest that salt properties significantly influence the characteristics of the generated nanobubbles.