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Related Concept Videos

The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

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Endoscopic Cholesteatoma Surgery
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Traumatic ossicle extrusion into the external auditory canal.

Manish Gupta1, Sunder Singh, Monica Gupta

  • 1Department of ENT, Gian Sagar Medical College and Hospital, 1156-C, Govt. Medical College and Hospital Campus, Sector 32-B, Chandigarh-160030, India. manishgupta1217@gmail.com

Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal
|June 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A rare case of incus dislocation into the ear canal occurred after head trauma. Surgical repair successfully restored the ossicular chain and hearing.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Head injuries can cause complex facial and cranial trauma.
  • Temporal bone fractures are a known complication of significant head trauma.
  • Disruption of the middle ear ossicles can lead to hearing loss.

Observation:

  • A 35-year-old male presented with a head injury from a traffic accident.
  • Skull X-ray revealed a right temporal bone longitudinal fracture.
  • ENT examination showed a bony structure and blood clot in the external auditory canal.

Findings:

  • Computed tomography confirmed ossicular chain disruption.
  • An incus-like bony shadow was identified in the external auditory canal.
  • The incus was displaced into the external canal through the temporal bone fracture.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a rare consequence of head trauma involving incus displacement.
  • Prompt diagnosis via imaging and clinical examination is crucial.
  • Surgical intervention, including ossiculoplasty, can effectively treat this injury.