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Related Concept Videos

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
Continuous Charge Distributions01:17

Continuous Charge Distributions

Imagine a bucket of water. It contains many molecules, of the order of 1026 molecules. Thus, although it contains discrete elements (molecules) at the microscopic level, macroscopically, it can be considered continuous. Small volume elements of water, infinitesimal compared to the bulk of the bucket's volume, still contain many molecules. Under this framework, quantized matter is approximated as continuous for practical purposes.
The electric charge can also be subjected to an analogical...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...
Coulomb's Law and The Principle of Superposition01:15

Coulomb's Law and The Principle of Superposition

Coulomb's Law describes the force experienced by two point charges under each other's presence. But what if there are more than two charges? For example, if there is a third charge, does it experience a force that is a simple combination of the individual forces due to the first two charges? Can it be described mathematically?
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Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges01:30

Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges

Atoms generally contain the same number of positively and negatively charged particles, protons, and electrons. Hence, they are electrically neutral. However, the centers of the positive and negative charges do not always coincide. In such a scenario, the electric field of an atom may not be zero.
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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Published on: August 2, 2019

Quantum defects at the critical charge.

Jacob Katriel1, Gediminas Gaigalas, Mariusz Puchalski

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel. jkatriel@technion.ac.il

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|June 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The quantum defect, used in atomic spectroscopy, is explored for isoelectronic sequences. A new conjecture suggests its integer value relates to electron shells when binding energy vanishes in negative ions.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic Physics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • The quantum defect is an empirical concept for spectral data interpolation and extrapolation.
  • It provides insights into atomic isoelectronic sequences and electron scattering phase shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine a conjecture about the extrapolated quantum defect along isoelectronic sequences.
  • To determine if the quantum defect is an integer when the outermost electron's binding energy vanishes in a singly negative ion.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of spectral data along isoelectronic sequences.
  • Electronic structure calculations to determine asymptotic orbital behavior.
  • Examination of the relationship between binding energy and quantum defect.

Main Results:

  • The conjecture was examined for various atomic systems.
  • In cases where binding energy vanishes, the asymptotic quantum defect is often an integer.
  • This integer value correlates with the number of occupied electron shells of the same angular momentum.

Conclusions:

  • The study supports the conjecture linking vanishing binding energy to integer quantum defects.
  • Asymptotic behavior of the outermost electron orbital is hydrogen-like.
  • Spectral analysis is a key method for determining these atomic properties.