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Updated: May 10, 2026

Measurement of BK-polyomavirus Non-Coding Control Region Driven Transcriptional Activity Via Flow Cytometry
11:54

Measurement of BK-polyomavirus Non-Coding Control Region Driven Transcriptional Activity Via Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 13, 2019

The human polyomaviruses: from orphans and mutants to patchwork family

Christine Hanssen Rinaldo, Hans H Hirsch

    APMIS : Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, Et Immunologica Scandinavica
    |June 21, 2013
    PubMed

    Insights

    Recent advances have identified 10 new human polyomaviruses, expanding the known count to over 12. These viruses, including disease-causing Merkel cell polyomavirus, may interact within a single host, prompting further research.

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Human Pathogens

    Background:

    • For decades, only JC polyomavirus and BK polyomavirus were known human polyomaviruses.
    • Recent molecular screening has identified 10 novel human polyomaviruses in the last seven years.

    Discussion:

    • Merkel cell polyomavirus and Trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus are identified as pathogenic in immunocompromised individuals.
    • Seroprevalence data suggests independent transmission and varied lifelong exposure risks for different human polyomaviruses.
    • The possibility of multiple polyomavirus species coexisting in the same host or organ necessitates investigation into potential interactions.

    Key Insights:

    • The human polyomavirus family has significantly expanded beyond JC and BK polyomaviruses.
    • Two newly identified polyomaviruses cause disease, highlighting their clinical relevance.
    • Independent transmission patterns and co-infection potential are key considerations for understanding polyomavirus impact.

    Outlook:

    • Further research into polyomavirus biology is crucial for uncovering new insights.
    • Understanding polyomavirus interactions may reveal their influence on human health.
    • These formerly underestimated viral agents warrant continued scientific attention.
    Keywords:
    Human polyomavirusimmunocompromisedpersistent infectionviral coexistence

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