Mycobacterium ulcerans infection in two alpacas

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Dermatology
• Infectious Diseases
• Mycobacterial Infections

Background:

• Describes an ulcerative dermopathy in two alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from Victoria, Australia, an area endemic for Mycobacterium ulcerans.
• Highlights the need to consider Mycobacterium ulcerans as a cause of skin lesions in alpacas.

Observation:

• Diagnosis in both alpacas was confirmed using PCR targeting the M. ulcerans-specific insertion sequence IS2404.
• One alpaca received wound debridement and bandaging, which controlled local disease but was followed by suspected recurrence.
• Necropsy findings and environmental M. ulcerans DNA detection are detailed for the second untreated alpaca.

Findings:

• PCR confirmed Mycobacterium ulcerans infection in both alpacas.
• Surgical wound management provided local disease control in one case.
• Low levels of M. ulcerans DNA were detected in the environment surrounding one affected alpaca.

Implications:

• Mycobacterium ulcerans infection should be considered in alpacas presenting with ulcerative skin disease in endemic regions.
• The study discusses the potential efficacy of adjunctive antibiotic treatments for M. ulcerans in alpacas.
• This research contributes to understanding and managing mycobacterial diseases in camelids.