Oxidative stress in oncohematologic diseases: an update

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Biochemistry
• Pathophysiology

Background:

• Oxidative stress is linked to an increased risk of various cancers.
• It can trigger chronic inflammation, a mediator of many chronic diseases, including cancer.
• Oxidative stress activates transcription factors, influencing the expression of over 500 genes involved in cell regulation and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of oxidative stress in the development of oncohematologic diseases.
• To summarize recent evidence connecting oxidative stress with hematological malignancies.
• To discuss implications for bone marrow transplantation and introduce new oxidative stress markers.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent publications on oxidative stress and cancer.
• Evaluation of data on the pathogenetic role of oxidative stress in hematological malignancies.
• Identification and assessment of novel biomarkers for oxidative stress.

Main Results:

• Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and chronic Ph-negative myeloproliferative diseases.
• Changes in oxidative stress levels impact patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
• New markers like carbonyl groups, advanced glycation end products, advanced oxidation protein products, and S-nitrosylated proteins offer improved reliability and cost-effectiveness.

Conclusions:

• Oxidative stress is a key factor in the development of hematological cancers.
• Novel biomarkers and redox potential evaluation methods show promise for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
• Understanding oxidative stress mechanisms is crucial for advancing cancer treatment and patient outcomes.