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Late reaction times identify MCI.

Sven-Erik Fernaeus1, Per Östberg, Lars-Olof Wahlund

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Sweden. fernaeus@mac.com

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
|June 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients showed slower simple reaction times (SRT) compared to healthy controls (HC). MCI deficits were most apparent in later stages of the test, suggesting impaired sustained attention.

Keywords:
MCI-diagnosisSustained attentionsimple reaction time

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia.
  • Assessing cognitive function in MCI is crucial for early detection and intervention.
  • Simple reaction time (SRT) tests are used to evaluate processing speed and attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in simple reaction time (SRT) performance between individuals with MCI and healthy controls (HC).
  • To determine if performance decrements over time during an SRT test are more pronounced in MCI patients.
  • To explore the utility of segmented SRT analysis for identifying cognitive deficits in MCI.

Main Methods:

  • A group of 172 MCI patients and 79 HC participants completed a simple reaction time (SRT) test.
  • The SRT test was divided into five segments of 16 trials each.
  • Performance differences between MCI and HC groups were analyzed across SRT segments.

Main Results:

  • A significant difference in mean SRT was observed between MCI patients and HC participants.
  • An interaction effect between SRT segment and diagnostic category was the primary driver of group differences.
  • MCI patients showed comparable performance to HC in early test segments but significant impairment in the final two segments.

Conclusions:

  • MCI patients exhibit deficits in sustained attention, particularly evident in tasks requiring prolonged cognitive effort.
  • Segmented analysis of SRT performance can reveal subtle cognitive impairments not apparent in overall scores.
  • This study highlights the importance of analyzing all available data from cognitive tests to accurately characterize MCI-related deficits.