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Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as a...
Borderline Personality Disorder01:25

Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder is a complex and multifaceted mental health condition characterized by pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulse control. This instability manifests in extreme emotional reactions, fear of abandonment, and self-destructive behaviors. The disorder significantly impacts daily functioning, often leading to distress in both personal and professional domains.
Genetic and Environmental Contributions
Borderline Personality...
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid01:22

Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid

Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Paranoid personality disorder is...

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Updated: May 10, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
04:42

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

Stage managing bipolar disorder.

Michael Berk1, Lesley Berk, Seetal Dodd

  • 1School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia; Orygen Youth Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.

Bipolar Disorders
|June 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clinical staging in bipolar disorder (BD) helps personalize treatment by tracking disease progression. Early intervention is crucial for neuroprotection and altering the illness trajectory.

Keywords:
bipolar disorderclinical stagingdepressionearly interventionmanianeuroprogressiontreatment

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Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
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Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
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Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Clinical staging is a widely used medical tool for prognosis, treatment planning, and individualized patient care.
  • It categorizes disease severity along a continuum from at-risk states to advanced stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and update evidence on clinical staging in bipolar disorder (BD).
  • To explore how staging can inform targeted and individualized interventions for BD.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of relevant scientific literature was conducted.

Main Results:

  • Evidence for BD staging includes neuroimaging findings of volume loss, cognitive decline, and reduced treatment response with illness progression.
  • Staging supports early intervention and prevention strategies for at-risk and newly diagnosed individuals.
  • Treatment tailoring based on illness stage is informed by staging.

Conclusions:

  • Bipolar disorder involves neuroprogression, potentially mediated by inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and altered neurogenesis.
  • Neuroprotection strategies targeting these molecular pathways are supported by evidence.
  • Early and active treatment during the at-risk or first episode stage is critical for potentially altering the illness course and mitigating neurostructural/neurocognitive changes.
  • Staging emphasizes the need for service delivery improvements and early treatment initiation in BD.