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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell types that...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy the...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

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Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy
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Cellular immunotherapy for refractory hematological malignancies.

John L Reagan1, Loren D Fast, Howard Safran

  • 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital/The Miriam Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. jreagan@lifespan.org

Journal of Translational Medicine
|June 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores a novel immunotherapy using haploidentical stem cell infusions for refractory hematological malignancies. The approach aims to break tumor tolerance by purposeful donor cell rejection, offering benefits without transplant risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Refractory hematological malignancies like acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pose treatment challenges.
  • Standard therapies often fail to achieve complete remission, limiting options for stem cell transplantation.
  • Graft-versus-tumor effects in transplantation are beneficial but carry risks like graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell infusions in patients with refractory hematological malignancies.
  • To explore a novel immunotherapy that leverages purposeful donor cell rejection to overcome host tumor tolerance.
  • To investigate potential benefits over traditional transplantation, minimizing toxicities like GVHD.

Main Methods:

  • A Phase I/II clinical trial (NCT01685606) approved by the FDA and institutional IRBs.
  • Infusion of 1-2x10^8 CD3+ cells/kilogram on Day 0 without preconditioning in eligible adult patients.
  • Monitoring for overall response rate, duration of response, safety, and cytokine release syndrome (CRS); correlative studies on effector cells and biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • The study is designed to determine the overall response rate as the primary objective.
  • Secondary objectives include assessing the degree and duration of response, and safety considerations.
  • Initial safety assessment in six patients, followed by efficacy evaluation in up to 25 patients.

Conclusions:

  • Haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell infusions offer a novel cellular immunotherapy for relapsed/refractory acute leukemia and aggressive lymphoma.
  • This approach may provide the immunological advantages of bone marrow transplantation without myeloablative conditioning or GVHD risk.
  • Correlative laboratory studies aim to elucidate the mechanism of action, advancing understanding of host tumor tolerance.