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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

Overview of Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...
Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

Structure and Function of Platelets

The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets, with...
Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors01:28

Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Immunophenotyping and Cell Sorting of Human MKs from Human Primary Sources or Differentiated In Vitro from Hematopoietic Progenitors
14:30

Immunophenotyping and Cell Sorting of Human MKs from Human Primary Sources or Differentiated In Vitro from Hematopoietic Progenitors

Published on: August 7, 2021

Developmental changes in human megakaryopoiesis.

O Bluteau1, T Langlois, P Rivera-Munoz

  • 1Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, UMR 1009, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis : JTH
|June 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human embryonic stem cell-derived megakaryocytes (MKs) mirror fetal development, revealing key transcription factor changes during maturation. This research illuminates MK differentiation and platelet formation, advancing stem cell research.

Keywords:
cell differentiationembryonic and fetal developmentembryonic stem cellhuman developmentmegakaryocytemicroRNAsmicroarray analysis

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Immunophenotyping and Cell Sorting of Human MKs from Human Primary Sources or Differentiated In Vitro from Hematopoietic Progenitors
14:30

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Published on: August 7, 2021

Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Formation from Human Cord Blood-derived CD34+ Cells
09:46

Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Formation from Human Cord Blood-derived CD34+ Cells

Published on: December 27, 2017

Isolation of Mouse Megakaryocyte Progenitors
10:30

Isolation of Mouse Megakaryocyte Progenitors

Published on: May 20, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The molecular mechanisms underlying human megakaryocyte (MK) development are not fully understood.
  • Understanding MK differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is crucial for regenerative medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular basis of MK ontogeny.
  • To compare MKs derived from hESCs with those from primary human hematopoietic tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Optimized differentiation of MKs from hESCs.
  • Comparative transcriptome analyses of hESC-derived MKs and MKs from various developmental stages.

Main Results:

  • hESC-derived MKs closely resemble fetal liver-derived MKs.
  • Significant changes in cell cycle regulators, transcription factors (e.g., MYC, LIN28b), and MK-specific genes indicate progressive maturation.
  • Genes like CXCR4 show developmental regulation via an on-off mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • MK differentiation from hESCs reflects primitive hematopoiesis.
  • Transcription factor networks and signaling pathways suggest increasing specialization towards hemostasis during MK ontogeny.