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Updated: May 10, 2026
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Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
Published on: May 1, 2018
[Active muscle extension testing of the hamstrings: reference values and impacting factors]
1Orthopädisch-Unfallchirurgisches Zentrum, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim.
Summary
This study establishes standard values for the active knee-extension (AKE) test in fitness athletes, revealing that factors like female gender and prolonged sports activity influence hamstring elasticity. These findings aid in assessing muscle strain risk and optimizing training.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Medicine
- Human Physiology
Context:
- Hamstring muscle elasticity is crucial for preventing muscle strain.
- The active knee-extension (AKE) test assesses hamstring elasticity.
- Standard values are needed for accurate AKE test interpretation.
Purpose:
- To establish normative values for the AKE test in healthy fitness athletes.
- To identify factors influencing hamstring muscle elasticity in this population.
Summary:
- The study measured AKE test values in 119 fitness athletes (56 women, 63 men).
- Average knee extension deficit was 31.6 ± 12.6°.
- Key factors influencing elasticity included female gender, physical work, long-term sports participation, hip flexion, and body fat percentage.
Impact:
- Provides the first standard values for the AKE test, enabling better hamstring elasticity assessment.
- Identifies specific demographic and lifestyle factors affecting hamstring flexibility.
- Offers insights for personalized training and injury prevention strategies in athletes.
