Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 10, 2026

Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Early Adolescent Male Mice
Published on: January 24, 2025
Perceived relationship quality in adolescents following early social-emotional deprivation
Brandi N Hawk1, Robert B McCall2
1University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA bnm6@pitt.edu.
Abstract:
Children who spend their early life in social-emotionally depriving institutions have limited opportunities to engage in relationships. This early experience has been associated with many problematic behavioral outcomes; however, researchers have not frequently examined relationship quality of post-institutional adoptees, nor have they examined aspects of the adoptive family that might moderate institutionalization effects. The purpose of this study was to examine the self-reported relationship quality of 10-17-year-old children adopted into the USA from Russian institutions and to determine whether sibling characteristics (relative age, gender composition, sibling adoption status) moderate institutionalization effects. Older age at adoption was related to poorer friendship and sibling, but not mother, relationship quality. Older siblings and same-sex siblings buffered children from this negative age-at-adoption association.
Related Concept Videos
Relationship with Parents: Attachment
Socioemotional Development during Infancy
Primary Temperament Types
Stella Chess...
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
Social Relationships and Well-Being
Sources of Self-Esteem I: Family Experience
Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings

