The autonomic brain: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis for central processing of autonomic function

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Autonomic Nervous System Research
• Human Neuroimaging

Background:

• The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is crucial for regulating essential physiological functions.
• Central nervous system (CNS) structures control the ANS, with much knowledge derived from animal models.
• Human neuroimaging is increasingly elucidating central autonomic processing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To meta-analyze human neuroimaging studies on central autonomic processing.
• To identify cortical and subcortical areas involved in autonomic regulation.
• To explore potential subsystems for sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions and specific ANS responses.

Main Methods:

• Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysis.
• Synthesis of human neuroimaging experiments focused on central autonomic processing.
• Localization of brain regions associated with autonomic functions.

Main Results:

• A core central autonomic network (CAN) was identified, including the left amygdala, right anterior and left posterior insula, and midcingulate cortices.
• Sympathetic-associated regions are prominent in executive and salience networks.
• Parasympathetic-associated regions are predominantly found in the default mode network.

Conclusions:

• Central autonomic processing involves a specific network, not a monolithic structure.
• Distinct brain regions are associated with sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity.
• Autonomic function processing exhibits task and division specificity within the brain.