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Related Concept Videos

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
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TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...

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The vitamin d receptor and T cell function.

Martin Kongsbak1, Trine B Levring, Carsten Geisler

  • 1Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.

Frontiers in Immunology
|June 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) regulates over 900 genes and impacts immune function. Enhancing VDR activity in T cells is crucial for immunity and treating inflammatory diseases.

Keywords:
T cell functionactivityexpressionsignalingvitamin Dvitamin D receptor

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a nuclear receptor that, with 1,25(OH)2D3, controls numerous genes vital for physiological functions.
  • Emerging research highlights the VDR's role in immune responses, linking vitamin D to infection susceptibility and inflammatory conditions.
  • Microbial pathogens can manipulate VDR signaling to promote their survival, underscoring the VDR's immune regulatory importance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of VDR regulation and function specifically within T cells.
  • To analyze the VDR's critical role in T cell development, differentiation, and effector functions.
  • To discuss the implications of VDR activity in T cells for overall immune activity and disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on VDR in T cells.
  • Analysis of research on VDR gene regulation and protein activity.
  • Synthesis of findings regarding VDR's impact on T cell subsets and functions.

Main Results:

  • VDR expression and activity are integral to T cell development and differentiation.
  • VDR signaling influences T cell effector functions, impacting both protective immunity and inflammation.
  • Dysregulation of VDR by microbes affects immune reactivity.

Conclusions:

  • VDR plays a significant role in T cell-mediated immunity and inflammatory processes.
  • Targeting VDR offers potential therapeutic strategies for immune modulation and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
  • Further research into VDR's precise mechanisms in T cells is warranted for clinical applications.