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Pattern of onychomycosis--a RIMS study.

Pratita Devi Pukhrambam¹, Kh Ranjana Devi, Ng Brajachand Singh

¹Department of Microbiology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur. dr.pratita@yahoo.com

The Journal of Communicable Diseases

|June 22, 2013

Summary

Onychomycosis, a common nail fungal infection, was diagnosed in 88.8% of 500 suspected patients. Dermatophytes were the most frequent cause, with Trichophyton species being the predominant isolate.

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Area of Science:

Medical Mycology
Dermatology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Onychomycosis is a prevalent fungal nail infection.
It can be caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, or non-dermatophyte molds.
Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the prevalence and etiological agents of onychomycosis in patients from Manipur, India.
To identify the common fungal species responsible for onychomycosis in the studied population.
To provide data for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

Microscopic examination (10% KOH mount, Lactophenol Cotton Blue preparation) and fungal culture (Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar) were performed on 500 nail samples.
Samples were collected from patients suspected of onychomycosis at RIMS Hospital, Imphal.
Fungal isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics.

Main Results:

A high positivity rate of 88.8% (444/500) for fungal infections was observed.
Dermatophytes were the most common etiological agents (58.1%), followed by non-dermatophytes (31.3%) and yeasts (3.8%).
Trichophyton species were the most frequently isolated dermatophytes (50%), and Aspergillus species were the most common non-dermatophytes (14%).
Higher infection rates were observed in females (92.9%) compared to males (83.9%).
The 21-30 age group showed the highest number of suspected cases.

Conclusions:

Onychomycosis is a significant public health issue in the region, with a high prevalence.
Dermatophytes, particularly Trichophyton species, are the primary cause of onychomycosis.
The findings highlight the need for continued surveillance and targeted interventions to manage this infection.