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Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: victim or perpetrator? Does it make a difference?
1Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Summary
Intimate partner violence (IPV) in pregnant women is linked to adverse outcomes. Reciprocal violence increases risk factors, while victim-only IPV is associated with preterm and low-birthweight infants.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Health
- Public Health
- Sociology
Background:
- Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue affecting pregnant women.
- Understanding different forms of IPV and their specific impacts on pregnancy is crucial for targeted interventions.
- Previous research has highlighted links between IPV and negative maternal and infant outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To differentiate between victim-only, perpetrator-only, and reciprocal intimate partner violence (IPV) among high-risk pregnant women.
- To examine the distinct risk profiles associated with each form of IPV.
- To investigate the differential impact of IPV types on key pregnancy outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Prospective study design conducted in Washington, DC, from July 2001 to October 2003.
- Inclusion of 1044 high-risk African-American pregnant women in a randomized controlled trial.
- Utilized multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses to assess relationships between IPV, risk factors, and outcomes.
Main Results:
- 55% of women reported no IPV, while 5% were victims only, 12% perpetrators only, and 27% reported reciprocal violence.
- Reciprocal violence was associated with increased substance use, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, and lower pregnancy happiness.
- Women experiencing any IPV reported higher depression levels, with reciprocal violence linked to the highest depression scores. Victim-only IPV was associated with preterm birth and low birthweight infants.
Conclusions:
- Reciprocal violence presents the highest risk for pregnancy risk factors and potential long-term consequences.
- Victim-only IPV is more directly linked to immediate adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth and low birthweight.
- Tailored interventions are necessary, addressing the distinct needs and risks associated with different forms of intimate partner violence.
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