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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.
Maximum Power Transfer01:16

Maximum Power Transfer

Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
By substituting the entire circuit with...
Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

Transmission Line Design Considerations

Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
Energy Stored In A Coaxial Cable01:31

Energy Stored In A Coaxial Cable

A coaxial cable consists of a central copper conductor used for transmitting signals, followed by an insulator shield, a metallic braided mesh that prevents signal interference, and a plastic layer that encases the entire assembly.
In the simplest form, a coaxial cable can be represented by two long hollow concentric cylinders in which the current flows in opposite directions. The magnetic field inside and outside the coaxial cable is determined by using Ampère's law. The magnetic field inside...
Cable Subjected to a Distributed Load01:24

Cable Subjected to a Distributed Load

The analysis of suspension bridges is a complex and critical process that involves multiple factors, including the shape and tension of the main cables. The main cables of suspension bridges are subjected to distributed loads, which result in changes in tensile forces and deformation of the cable. These loads must be carefully considered to ensure that the bridge is safe and capable of supporting the weight of different loads.
Cable Subjected to Concentrated Loads01:28

Cable Subjected to Concentrated Loads

Flexible cables are commonly used in various applications for support and load transmission. Consider a cable fixed at two points and subjected to multiple vertically concentrated loads. Determine the shape of the cable and the tension in each portion of the cable, given the horizontal distances between the loads and supports.

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Updated: May 10, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Achievable capacity improvement by using multi-level modulation format in trench-assisted multi-core fiber system.

J H Chang1, H G Choi, Y C Chung

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea.

Optics Express
|June 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Higher-level modulation in multi-core fibers (MCF) offers limited gains due to crosstalk. Optimizing effective area is crucial for balancing spatial spectral efficiency (SSE) and transmission distance in trench-assisted MCFs.

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Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
08:48

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

Published on: April 20, 2016

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
08:48

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

Published on: April 20, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Optical Communications
  • Fiber Optics Technology
  • Photonic Materials

Background:

  • Multi-core fibers (MCF) are key to increasing optical transmission capacity.
  • Trench-assisted index profiles and hexagonal layouts are advanced MCF designs.
  • Modulation formats and effective area significantly influence fiber performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of multi-level modulation formats on MCF transmission capacity.
  • To assess the role of effective area in trench-assisted MCF performance.
  • To determine optimal MCF parameters for enhanced spatial spectral efficiency (SSE) and transmission distance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized spatial spectral efficiency (SSE) as a metric for transmission capacity.
  • Analyzed the trade-offs between modulation levels, inter-core crosstalk, and SSE.
  • Investigated the influence of effective area on crosstalk, cutoff wavelength, and transmission distance.

Main Results:

  • Higher-level modulation formats show reduced SSE improvement due to lower crosstalk tolerance.
  • Larger effective areas can decrease transmission capacity by increasing crosstalk and cutoff wavelength.
  • The SSE-distance product is not significantly affected by varying effective areas beyond ~110 μm².

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing effective area in trench-assisted MCFs is essential for balancing SSE and transmission distance.
  • Increasing effective area beyond ~110 μm² offers diminishing returns for SSE-distance product.
  • Careful consideration of modulation format and effective area is needed for efficient MCF design.