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Pulp cell tracking by radionuclide imaging for dental tissue engineering.

Jean-Baptiste Souron1, Anne Petiet, Franck Decup

  • 11 EA2496, Dental School, University Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité , Montrouge, France .

Tissue Engineering. Part C, Methods
|June 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear imaging successfully tracked radiolabeled dental mesenchymal stem cells after pulp regeneration therapy. This method confirms cell viability and localization within the tooth, crucial for assessing safety and efficacy in injured teeth treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nuclear Imaging

Background:

  • Dental mesenchymal stem cells offer promise for injured tooth pulp regeneration.
  • Tracking implanted cell fate and potential systemic engraftment is critical for safety and efficacy assessment.
  • Evaluating the risk of ectopic mineralization requires understanding cell behavior post-implantation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To noninvasively track radiolabeled dental pulp cells after implantation in a rat tooth model using nuclear imaging.
  • To assess the viability, localization, and potential systemic distribution of implanted cells over time.
  • To evaluate the safety and regenerative potential of pulp engineering therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Dental pulp cells were labeled with Indium-111-oxine (¹¹¹In-oxine).
  • Labeled cells were incorporated into a type I collagen hydrogel scaffold (pulp equivalent) and implanted into rat molar pulp chambers.
  • Cell tracking was performed using helical single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography for 3 weeks.
  • In vitro and histological analyses were conducted to assess cell viability, proliferation, and tissue integration.

Main Results:

  • ¹¹¹In-oxine labeling did not compromise cell viability or proliferation in vitro.
  • SPECT/CT enabled noninvasive, longitudinal monitoring of implanted cells for at least 3 weeks.
  • No systemic release or ectopic engraftment of implanted cells was detected.
  • Histology confirmed cell colonization, fibroblastic activity, neoangiogenesis, and nerve fiber formation in seeded scaffolds.

Conclusions:

  • Efficient radiolabeling of dental pulp cells is achievable for tracking purposes.
  • Nuclear imaging provides a powerful tool for monitoring implanted cell behavior in vivo, demonstrating their retention and viability.
  • This technique is vital for evaluating the safety and efficacy of cell-based therapies for dental pulp regeneration.