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The assessment of primitive or metastatic malignant pulmonary tumors in children
Gh Burnei1, I Draghici, St Gavriliu
1Department of Pediatric and Orthopedic Surgery, Emergency Hospital for Children, Bucharest, Romania.
Insights
Pediatric lung tumors, both primary and secondary, have a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis. Advances in genetic surgery offer hope for improved outcomes in treating these rare childhood cancers.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Oncology
- Thoracic Surgery
- Medical Genetics
Background:
- Childhood lung tumors, both primitive and secondary, present a significant challenge with high mortality rates.
- Existing 5-year survival rates are below 10% for primitive tumors and 15% for lung metastases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess primitive and secondary malignant pulmonary tumors in pediatric patients.
- To analyze the outcomes and diagnostic challenges associated with childhood lung malignancies.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 11 children with pulmonary tumors (4 primitive, 7 secondary) treated between 1985-2011.
- Surgical intervention was performed on 8 patients; 2 died before surgery.
Main Results:
- Primitive pulmonary malignancies were diagnosed late, with ages ranging from 1 to 6 years. Of 3 operated patients, 1 survived.
- Secondary pulmonary malignancies were also diagnosed late, often linked to delayed diagnosis of the primary cancer.
Conclusions:
- Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for malignant lung tumors in children, but remain a significant challenge.
- Current treatments (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery) are limited by late diagnosis; genetic surgery holds promise for better outcomes.
Background:
The purpose of our study is to assess primitive and secondary malignant pulmonary tumors in children. The presence of lung tumors in newborns and infants is a point of interest to specialists in pediatric surgery, thoracic surgery and genetics due to the high death rate. The 5-years survival rate communicated by EUROCARE-study is less than 10% for primitive tumors and less than 15% in lung metastases.
Materials And Method:
We performed a retrospective study which analysed 11 children with pulmonary primary ormetastatic tumors admitted in the Pediatric Surgery Department “Prof. Dr. Al. Pesamosca” of the Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children “Maria Sklodowska Curie”,Bucharest. The analysed and operated patients underwent surgery by Prof. Dr. Al. Pesamosca and the authors during the period of 1985-2011. In our series there where 4 primitive lung tumors and 7 secondary ones: 8 underwent surgery and 2 died before being operated on. The incidence of primitive pulmonary lung malignancies is higher for females, 3 to1, and secondary ones are more frequent in males, 6 to 1.
Results:
Patients with primitive pulmonary malignancies were late diagnosed. Their age ranged between 1 to 6 years;3 were operated on, out of which 2 died, and 1 operated still survives. The 7 patients with secondary pulmonary malignancies were late diagnosed, too, probably as a consequence of a late diagnosis of the origin tumor.
Conclusions:
Even if all malignancies require an early diagnosis and treatment, this aim regarding malignant lung tumors is still a desideratum animating all practitioners. Primitive tumors are diagnosed presenting the main clinical manifestation abroncho pulmonary infection. Secondary lung malignancies are usually asymptomatic and are diagnosed when monitoring a patient for a malignancy with another origin. Chemotherapy,radiotherapy and surgery of malignant primitive tumors or metastatic ones in children remain unsatisfactory because of the late diagnosis and the limited methods of treatment. Nowadays genetics identified the responsible oncogenes for pulmonary blastic explosion and better results could be obtained by genetic surgery.
