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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be met...

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Updated: May 10, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
05:10

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Considerations for initiating and progressing running programs in obese individuals.

Heather K Vincent1, Kevin R Vincent

  • 1Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Division of Research, UF Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine Institute, PO Box 112727, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. vincehk@ortho.ufl.edu

PM & R : the Journal of Injury, Function, and Rehabilitation
|June 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Obese individuals can safely start running by gradually increasing intensity and mileage, incorporating strengthening exercises, and listening to their bodies to prevent injury. This approach ensures a safe and enjoyable running program for weight loss and overall health.

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Published on: July 17, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Obesity Management

Background:

  • Running is increasingly popular, offering health benefits like weight loss, but practical guidelines for obese beginners are lacking.
  • Musculoskeletal factors are critical for obese individuals initiating running programs to prevent injury.
  • Current literature lacks comprehensive guidance for obese populations starting running.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging evidence on musculoskeletal considerations for obese individuals starting and progressing in a running program.
  • To provide practical guidelines for safe and effective running initiation and progression in obese populations.
  • To address injury prevention strategies for obese runners.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of current scientific literature on running, obesity, and musculoskeletal health.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding pre-emptive strengthening, exercise progression, and pain management.
  • Inclusion of considerations for specific populations, such as post-bariatric surgery individuals.

Main Results:

  • Pre-emptive strengthening of the feet, ankles, hips, quadriceps, and trunk is recommended to support joints.
  • Gradual progression, with intensity or mileage increases not exceeding 5%-10% weekly, is crucial for injury prevention.
  • Non-impact exercises, walking, and intermittent walk-jog programs are viable starting points, especially with comorbid joint pain.
  • Rest days are essential to prevent overuse injuries, and pain should not persist or worsen post-exercise.

Conclusions:

  • Obese individuals can successfully incorporate running into their fitness routines with a conservative approach to progression and injury management.
  • Emphasis on gradual increases in running volume, targeted strengthening, and adequate rest facilitates safe participation.
  • Individualized programs that consider pain signals and potential comorbidities are key for long-term adherence and benefits.