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Related Concept Videos

Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
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General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

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Extensive rewiring and complex evolutionary dynamics in a C. elegans multiparameter transcription factor network.

John S Reece-Hoyes1, Carles Pons, Alos Diallo

  • 1University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.

Molecular Cell
|June 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Gene duplication creates paralogs that rewire molecular networks. Even similar transcription factors (TFs) show diverse interactions, with some TFs highly connected across networks, revealing unique evolutionary dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Systems biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Gene duplication is a key evolutionary mechanism generating new gene functions.
  • Transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in gene regulation and network evolution.
  • Understanding TF network rewiring provides insights into evolutionary processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively characterize network rewiring for Caenorhabditis elegans transcription factors (TFs).
  • To analyze TF interactions within and across multiple molecular networks.
  • To investigate the evolutionary pressures shaping TF network connectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene duplication events and subsequent divergence of paralogs.
  • Characterization of TF interaction networks using multiparameter analyses.
  • Comparison of TF network properties across different molecular networks and phylogenetic ages.

Main Results:

  • Highly similar TFs exhibit distinct interaction degrees and partners.
  • A subset of TF families contains highly connected members across multiple networks.
  • Opposing correlations between network connectivity and phylogenetic age suggest varied evolutionary pressures.
  • Cross-network similarity of TF partners is generally low, indicating limited pressure for conservation.

Conclusions:

  • TF network rewiring following gene duplication is complex and multifaceted.
  • Evolutionary dynamics of TF networks are influenced by diverse pressures, leading to functional divergence.
  • The study provides novel insights into the evolutionary trajectories of TF interaction networks.