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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)02:30

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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

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Probing the microRNA pathway with small molecules.

Yujing Li1, Peng Ji, Peng Jin

  • 1Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 301, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
|June 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers are discovering new ways to control gene expression using microRNA (miRNA) and RNA interference (RNAi) pathways. High-throughput screening has identified molecules that can enhance or inhibit these crucial gene-regulating mechanisms.

Keywords:
Chemical biology approachEnhancerHigh-throughput screeningInhibitorReporter systemSmall moleculemicroRNA/RNAi pathway

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNA (miRNA) and RNA interference (RNAi) are key posttranscriptional gene expression regulators in eukaryotes.
  • While core components are known, regulatory mechanisms of miRNA/RNAi pathways are under active investigation.
  • Understanding these regulatory pathways is crucial for advancing gene expression control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight recent advancements in high-throughput reporter assays for monitoring miRNA/RNAi activity.
  • To present the discovery of novel miRNA/RNAi enhancers and inhibitors through screening.
  • To underscore the role of protein co-factors in miRNA/RNAi pathway regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of high-throughput reporter assays to screen for miRNA/RNAi modulators.
  • Utilizing multidisciplinary approaches including proteomics, biochemistry, and genetics.
  • Proof-of-concept pilot screening to identify pathway regulators.

Main Results:

  • Identification of specific and general inhibitors and activators of the miRNA/RNAi pathway.
  • Discovery of protein co-factors that significantly influence miRNA/RNAi pathway activity.
  • Demonstration of the efficacy of high-throughput assays in identifying pathway modulators.

Conclusions:

  • High-throughput reporter assays are effective tools for discovering miRNA/RNAi pathway regulators.
  • Novel enhancers and inhibitors of miRNA/RNAi have been identified, offering potential for gene expression control.
  • Further research integrating various disciplines will continue to elucidate miRNA/RNAi regulatory networks.