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Related Concept Videos

Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
Bacterial Phylum Firmicutes01:27

Bacterial Phylum Firmicutes

Firmicutes is a diverse phylum of Gram-positive bacteria characterized by a low GC content in their genomes. This phylum includes organisms with monoderm or diderm cell envelopes, highlighting a complex evolutionary history. Firmicutes comprises several major orders, including Lactobacillales, Clostridiales, and Bacillales, which exhibit remarkable diversity in their morphology, metabolism, and ecological roles.The order Lactobacillales includes lactic acid bacteria, which are fermentative...
Microbes in the Production of Fermented Foods01:27

Microbes in the Production of Fermented Foods

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and molds are instrumental in fermenting plant-based foods to enhance preservation and ensure year-round availability. These microbial processes convert plant carbohydrates into organic acids and other metabolites that inhibit spoilage organisms and contribute to the sensory qualities of the final product.In sauerkraut production, cabbage goes through a microbial succession that starts with cocci such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides. These microbes begin fermentation by...
Microbes in Food Production01:29

Microbes in Food Production

Microbial fermentation is central to food biotechnology, enhancing flavor, texture, preservation, and stability. Fermentative microorganisms metabolize carbohydrates into organic acids, alcohols, and other metabolites that inhibit spoilage organisms and improve digestibility while contributing distinctive sensory qualities.In baking, amylases naturally present in flour hydrolyze starch into monosaccharides such as glucose, which Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments anaerobically. Through...
Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria01:30

Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria

Coryneform bacteria are gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile rods that exhibit irregular, club-shaped, or V-shaped arrangements. Their V-shape results from snapping division, where the inner cell wall layer forms the cross-wall, while the outer layer remains intact until it ruptures on one side, causing the daughter cells to bend away.The primary genera are Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter. Corynebacterium includes diverse species, ranging from saprophytes to pathogens like Corynebacterium...
Bacterial Phylum Bacteroidota01:26

Bacterial Phylum Bacteroidota

The phylum Bacteroidota includes over 700 species classified into four primary orders: Bacteroidales, Cytophagales, Flavobacteriales, and Sphingobacteriales. These gram-negative, non-sporulating rods exhibit saccharolytic capabilities and can be aerobic or fermentative, encompassing obligate aerobes, facultative aerobes, and obligate anaerobes. Many species display gliding motility, though some are nonmotile or use flagella. The genus Bacteroides is well-studied due to its significant role in...

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Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
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Lactobacillus fermentum, a pathogen in documented cholecystitis.

Josue Chery1, Dmitriy Dvoskin, Fernando P Morato

  • 1Department of Surgery, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, United States.

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports
|June 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study reports a rare case where Lactobacillus fermentum, a common probiotic, acted as a pathogen causing cholecystitis and ascending cholangitis in an elderly male. The vancomycin-resistant bacteria led to septic shock and multi-organ dysfunction.

Keywords:
CholangitisCholecystitisLactobacillusMulti-organ dysfunction syndromePathogenicityProbiotic

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Lactobacillus species are recognized probiotics with therapeutic benefits.
  • While implicated in other conditions, their role as pathogens in cholecystitis is rarely reported.
  • This case highlights a potential pathogenic role for Lactobacillus fermentum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of Lactobacillus fermentum acting as a pathogen in cholecystitis.
  • To document the clinical course and outcome of this unusual infection.
  • To emphasize the need for understanding the pathogenic potential of Lactobacillus species.

Main Methods:

  • A case study of an 81-year-old male with symptoms of cholecystitis and ascending cholangitis.
  • Non-operative management with antibiotics and cholecystostomy due to co-morbidity and sepsis.
  • Identification of vancomycin-resistant Lactobacillus fermentum from cholecystostomy aspirate and blood cultures.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with right upper quadrant pain, consistent with cholecystitis and ascending cholangitis.
  • Lactobacillus fermentum was isolated as the causative agent.
  • Despite treatment, the patient developed septic shock, multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, and succumbed to the infection.

Conclusions:

  • Commensal bacteria like Lactobacillus fermentum can act as opportunistic pathogens.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering Lactobacillus species as potential pathogens, especially in immunocompromised or critically ill patients.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the pathogenicity of Lactobacillus species.