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Related Concept Videos

Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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How the EEA came to America.

Leon Morgenstern1

  • 11Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Surgical Innovation
|June 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surgical stapling instruments revolutionized surgery starting in 1967. The circular stapler (EEA) for intestinal anastomosis, initially missing, was introduced later and is now a vital surgical tool.

Keywords:
biomedical engineeringesophageal surgerysurgical oncology

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical innovation and medical device development.

Background:

  • Surgical stapling instruments were introduced in the US in 1967, transforming surgical techniques.
  • A significant gap existed with the absence of a circular stapler for end-to-end intestinal anastomosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the historical development and eventual adoption of the circular stapler (EEA) in surgical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of surgical stapling instrument introduction and development in the United States.
  • Analysis of the timeline for the introduction of specific stapling devices.

Main Results:

  • Circular staplers (EEA) for end-to-end intestinal anastomosis were not among the initial US surgical stapling instruments introduced in 1967.
  • The EEA was introduced approximately a decade after the initial wave of stapling instruments.
  • The EEA has since become a widely utilized instrument in surgical procedures.

Conclusions:

  • The delayed introduction of the circular stapler (EEA) represents a notable point in the evolution of surgical stapling technology.
  • The widespread adoption of the EEA underscores its importance in modern gastrointestinal surgery.