Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 10, 2026

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
Published on: June 18, 2021
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
Tariq A Hammad1, Rula A Hajj-Ali
1Orthopedic and Rheumatologic Institute, Rheumatologic and Immunologic, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. hammadt@ccf.org
Abstract:
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is one of the most devastating pathologic processes that affect the central nervous system (CNS). It results in exclusive inflammation and destruction of CNS blood vessels. Progressive debilitating unexplained neurological deficit associated with abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis findings is the typical picture of the disease. CNS biopsy is the gold standard diagnostic test. Immunosuppressive therapy is the core treatment. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a main mimic of PACNS. RCVS is characterized clinically by recurrent thunderclap headache with or without neurological deficit and normal CSF analysis findings and angiographically by reversible diffuse segmental vasospasm of intracranial vessels. A stepwise diagnostic approach should be followed to differentiate PACNS from RCVS and exclude the other clinical, radiographic, and angiographic mimics.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology
Encephalitis l: Introduction
Viral Meningitis

