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PCR

PCR

PCR - Polymerase Chain Reaction

PCR - Polymerase Chain Reaction

RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends

RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends

Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, or RACE, is one of the most effective methods to obtain a full-length cDNA from an mRNA sequence between a known internal region to the unknown sequence at the 5’ or 3’ end. The unknown region is cloned in the cDNA by a gene-specific primer that binds the known end, and a hybrid primer that attaches a predefined anchor sequence to the unknown end of the cDNA. The sequence in between is amplified by PCR with an anchor primer and a gene-specific primer.
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Updated: May 10, 2026

Polymerase Chain Reaction: Basic Protocol Plus Troubleshooting and Optimization Strategies

Polymerase Chain Reaction: Basic Protocol Plus Troubleshooting and Optimization Strategies

Published on: May 22, 2012

Specific primer design for the polymerase chain reaction.

Li-Yeh Chuang¹, Yu-Huei Cheng, Cheng-Hong Yang

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, chuang@isu.edu.tw.

Biotechnology Letters

|June 25, 2013

Summary

Effective Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) relies on optimal primer design. This review covers PCR applications, primer characteristics, and computational tools like Primer3 and population-based methods for successful amplification.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Bioinformatics

Background:

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a fundamental molecular biology technique.
Primer design significantly influences PCR specificity and product yield.

Purpose of the Study:

To review Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) applications.
To define and characterize essential features of PCR primer design.
To survey current computational primer design tools.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on PCR primer design.
Analysis of primer design tools, including Primer3.
Discussion of computational intelligence and population-based methods in primer design.

Main Results:

Primer design is critical for PCR success.
Various computational tools and methods exist for primer design.
Population-based methods offer specific characteristics for primer selection.

Conclusions:

Optimized primer design is key to successful PCR.
Computational tools enhance the efficiency and accuracy of primer selection.
Understanding different primer design methodologies is crucial for researchers.