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Regulation of Stroke Volume

Regulation of Stroke Volume

The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...

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Updated: May 10, 2026

Cardiac Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis Using Conductance Catheters in Mice

Cardiac Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis Using Conductance Catheters in Mice

Published on: September 17, 2015

Preload-adjusted left ventricular dP/dtmax: a sensitive, continuous, load-independent contractility index.

Grégoire Blaudszun¹, Marc J Licker, Denis R Morel

¹G. Blaudszun: Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland. gregoire.blaudszun@hcuge.ch.

Experimental Physiology

|June 25, 2013

Summary

The preload-adjusted maximal change in pressure over time (PAdP/dtmax) accurately indicates left ventricular (LV) systolic function during preload changes. This single-beat index offers a simpler, more reliable measure than traditional methods in acute preload reduction models.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Cardiac Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis Using Conductance Catheters in Mice

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Quantification of Global Diastolic Function by Kinematic Modeling-based Analysis of Transmitral Flow via the Parametrized Diastolic Filling Formalism

Quantification of Global Diastolic Function by Kinematic Modeling-based Analysis of Transmitral Flow via the Parametrized Diastolic Filling Formalism

Published on: September 1, 2014

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Physiology
Hemodynamics
Cardiac Mechanics

Background:

Classical left ventricular (LV) performance indicators rely on pressure-volume (PV) loops and interventions.
Preload-adjusted maximal change in pressure over time (PAdP/dtmax) from single-beat PV analysis shows promise for assessing LV systolic performance.
Traditional methods like dP/dtmax-end-diastolic volume (EDV) and preload recruitable stroke work have limitations in varying conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate PAdP/dtmax as a valid indicator of LV function during significant preload variations.
To compare PAdP/dtmax with classical indices (dP/dtmax-EDV, preload recruitable stroke work) under acute preload reduction.
To determine the most reliable real-time index for LV systolic performance in dynamic hemodynamic states.

Main Methods:

Utilized a ventricular conductance catheter in nine anesthetized, mechanically ventilated rats.
Induced stepwise preload reduction through controlled blood withdrawal.
Recorded steady-state and dynamic PV loops, including brief inferior vena cava occlusion, to derive LV function parameters.

Main Results:

PAdP/dtmax mirrored preload recruitable stroke work, reflecting sustained LV contractility during hemorrhage until mean arterial pressure dropped below 40 mmHg.
dP/dtmax-EDV showed significant increase, curvilinear response, and high inter/intra-animal variability.
PAdP/dtmax demonstrated superior performance as an indicator of systolic LV function in this acute preload reduction model.

Conclusions:

PAdP/dtmax is a robust and reliable indicator of LV systolic function during acute preload reduction.
This single-beat index offers advantages in simplicity and accuracy over traditional methods.
Further clinical validation of PAdP/dtmax is warranted for real-time hemodynamic monitoring.