Bone Marrow Abnormalities in HIV Disease

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Infectious Diseases
• Oncology

Background:

• Hematological abnormalities are common complications in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection.
• Bone marrow abnormalities are observed across all stages of HIV infection.
• This study investigates bone marrow abnormalities in patients with HIV/AIDS.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of bone marrow abnormalities in HIV-positive patients.
• To compare bone marrow findings between patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and those without AIDS.
• To assess the association between hematological abnormalities and bone marrow findings in HIV/AIDS.

Main Methods:

• A study cohort of 160 HIV-positive patients was analyzed.
• Complete blood counts, biochemical investigations, CD4 counts, and thorough clinical examinations were performed.
• Bone marrow examinations were conducted for patients with anemia, leucopenia, pancytopenia, or thrombocytopenia, with classification based on NACO criteria.

Main Results:

• Anemia was the most prevalent hematological abnormality, affecting 93.12% of patients.
• Myelodysplasia was more common in AIDS patients (14.06%) compared to non-AIDS patients (4.65%), particularly affecting the granulocytic series.
• Bone marrow cellularity showed variations, with normocellularity being most common (79.06% non-AIDS, 79.68% AIDS).

Conclusions:

• Myelodysplasia is significantly more frequent in HIV patients with AIDS.
• Granulocytic dysplasia is a key finding in bone marrow abnormalities associated with HIV/AIDS.
• Bone marrow studies are essential for comprehensive management and improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in HIV/AIDS patients.