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Related Concept Videos

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices01:28

Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices

Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction01:23

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...

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Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery
09:44

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery

Published on: September 26, 2025

Ionic liquids in drug delivery.

Julia L Shamshina1, Patrick S Barber, Robin D Rogers

  • 1The University of Alabama, Center for Green Manufacturing and Department of Chemistry , Tuscaloosa, AL , USA rdrogers@as.ua.edu.

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery
|June 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active pharmaceutical ingredient ionic liquids (API-ILs) offer a novel strategy to improve drug properties like solubility and bioavailability. This approach can potentially revive drug candidates and extend patent life.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Materials Science
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Solid-state active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) often face challenges including polymorphism, poor solubility, and low bioavailability.
  • Ionic liquids (ILs) present a promising alternative, offering pure liquid salt forms of APIs (API-ILs) to mitigate these issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the recent advancements in the API-IL strategy for drug development.
  • To explore various methods for liquefying drugs using ILs and related techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on API-IL development and drug liquefaction.
  • Discussion of IL tools: counterion selection, oligomeric ions, liquid co-crystals, prodrug combinations, micelle entrapment, and tunable hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB).

Main Results:

  • The API-IL strategy enables the liquefaction of solid drugs through diverse chemical and physical approaches.
  • Tailoring IL properties, such as HLB, can effectively solubilize poorly water-soluble APIs.

Conclusions:

  • API-IL approaches hold significant potential to rescue failing drug candidates and extend the commercial life of existing APIs.
  • Further investment in API-IL research may accelerate drug approval processes due to established API profiles.